Charles Townes, who shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics for invention of the laser, a feat that revolutionized science, medicine, telecommunications and entertainment, has died at age 99, the University of California at Berkeley reported.
Townes, a native of South Carolina, recalled that the idea for how to create a pure beam of short-wavelength, high-frequency light first dawned on him as he sat on a Washington DC park bench among blooming azaleas in the spring of 1951. The revelation led Townes and his students to build a device in 1954 they dubbed a maser, for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
Four years later, he and a brother-in-law, Arthur Sch8awlow, conceived of a variation on that invention to amplify a beam of optical light, instead of microwave energy, and Bell Laboratories patented the new idea as a laser.
Another scientist, Theodore Maiman, was the first to demonstrate the first actual laser in 1960. But four years later, Townes shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work with two Russians, Aleksandr Prokhorov and Nicolai Basov, who independently came up with the idea for a maser.
Townes went on to pioneer the use of masers and lasers in astronomy, and with the help of colleagues became the first to detect complex molecules in interstellar space and first measured the mass of the giant black hole at the centre of the Milky Way galaxy.
An array of laser-based infrared telescopes he built at the Mt Wilson observatory outside Los Angeles can measure the diameter of stars that appear as mere points of light in most telescopes.
