North Korea announced the successful test of a new solid-fuel hypersonic missile with intermediate-range capabilities. A step in the escalating global race to create the next generation of long-range rockets, which are notoriously difficult to detect and intercept due to their advanced technology.
Hypersonic missiles are characterized by their ability to launch a warhead travelling at speeds exceeding five times the speed of sound, approximately 6,200 km per hour (3,850 mph). They are notable for their manoeuvrability at relatively low altitudes rather than just their speed. This capability sets them apart from traditional ballistic missile warheads, which can sometimes match or exceed their speed but lack similar manoeuvrability.
North Korea’s initial hypersonic missile test in 2021 featured a glider-shaped warhead, while a subsequent launch in 2022 utilized a manoeuvrable reentry vehicle (MaRV). The recent test evaluated the reliability of new multi-stage, high-thrust solid-fuel engines and an intermediate-range hypersonic manoeuvrable controlled warhead. Such advancements are in line with global efforts by countries like the United States, China, and Russia, who are also actively developing hypersonic weapons.
The Strategic Importance of Hypersonic Technology
This arms race is not just about speed and evasion capabilities. Hypersonic weapons, particularly those using a fractional orbital bombardment system (FOBS), could significantly reduce reaction times and bypass traditional defence mechanisms. FOBS could offer more unpredictable attack paths than intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) that follow a ballistic trajectory into space without reaching orbit.
Recent developments by other nations include China’s 2021 test of a hypersonic glide vehicle that orbited the globe, Russia’s Tsirkon hypersonic cruise missile tests, and the United States’ successful test of an air-breathing hypersonic weapon. These advancements underscore the strategic importance of hypersonic technology in modern warfare.
North Korea has been actively pursuing hypersonic technology in line with global trends. At a key Workers’ Party meeting in January 2021, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un outlined the development of hypersonic weapons as a primary goal in their five-year military enhancement plan. This plan also includes the development of solid-fuel intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and a nuclear submarine.
North Korea’s first hypersonic missile test in September 2021 was declared a “strategic weapon” aimed at strengthening defence capabilities. However, some South Korean analysts deemed this test a failure. In contrast, a January 2022 test reported by Seoul officials suggested the missile achieved speeds up to 10 times the speed of sound at lower altitudes. The latest solid fuel launch is significant as it could enable quicker launches with minimal preparation, a vital factor in tactical deployment.
Global Implications of Hypersonic Weapons
The push for hypersonic weapons, including by smaller Asian nations, is
indicative of a broader arms race that extends beyond the major military powers. Hypersonic weapons and systems like FOBS are a growing concern for global security due to their potential to effectively evade missile shields and early warning systems.
Chang Young-Keun, a professor at Korea Aerospace University, emphasizes the strategic importance of mid to long-range hypersonic missiles. Such missiles, particularly those based on solid propellant rocket boosters, could be instrumental in scenarios like striking targets such as Guam while circumventing U.S. missile defence systems.
North Korea’s foray into this advanced military technology signifies a notable shift in global power dynamics, highlighting the increasing complexity and challenge of maintaining international security and stability in the face of rapidly advancing missile technology.
