As Alphabet looks past a chatbot flub that helped erase $100 billion from its market value, another challenge is emerging from its efforts to add generative artificial intelligence to its popular Google Search: the cost.
Executives across the technology sector are discussing how to operate AI like ChatGPT while accounting for the high expense. The wildly popular chatbot from OpenAI, which can draft prose and answer search queries, has “eye-watering” computing costs of a couple or more cents per conversation, the startup’s Chief Executive Sam Altman has said on Twitter.
In an interview, Alphabet’s Chairman John Hennessy told Reuters that having an exchange with AI, a large language model, likely costs 10 times more than a standard keyword search. However, fine-tuning will help reduce the expense quickly.
Analysts said that even with revenue from potential chat-based search ads, the technology could chip into the bottom line of Mountain View, California-based Alphabet with several billion dollars of extra costs. Its net income was nearly $60 billion in 2022.
Morgan Stanley estimated that Google’s 3.3 trillion search queries last year cost roughly a fifth of a cent each, which would increase depending on how much text AI must generate. Google, for instance, could face a $6-billion hike in expenses by 2024 if ChatGPT-like AI were to handle half the queries it receives with 50-word answers, analysts projected. Google will unlikely need a chatbot to handle navigational searches for sites like Wikipedia.
Others arrived at a similar bill in different ways. For instance, SemiAnalysis, a research and consulting firm focused on chip technology, said adding ChatGPT-style AI to search could cost Alphabet $3 billion, an amount limited by Google’s in-house chips called Tensor Processing Units, or TPUs, along with other optimizations.
The computing power involved makes this form of AI pricier than conventional search. Analysts said that such AI depends on billions of dollars of chips, a cost that has to be spread out over their useful life of several years. Electricity likewise adds costs and pressure to companies with carbon-footprint goals.
The process of handling AI-powered search queries is known as “inference,” in which a “neural network” loosely modeled on the human brain’s biology infers the answer to a question from prior training.
In a traditional search, Google’s web crawlers scan the internet to compile an information index. Then, when a user types a query, Google serves up the most relevant answers stored in the index.
Alphabet’s Hennessy told Reuters, “It’s inference costs you have to drive down,” calling that “a couple-year problem at worst.”
AI like Bing and Bard poses a billion-dollar search problem for tech giants. Alphabet is facing pressure to take on the challenge despite the expense. Earlier this month, its rival Microsoft Corp held a high-profile event at its Redmond, Washington headquarters to show off plans to embed AI chat technology into its Bing search engine, with top executives aiming for Google’s search market share of 91% by Similarweb’s estimate.
A day later, Alphabet talked about plans to improve its search engine. Still, a promotional video for its AI chatbot Bard showed the system answering a question inaccurately, fomenting a stock slide that shaved $100 billion off its market value.
Microsoft later drew the scrutiny of its own when its AI reportedly made threats or professed love to test users, prompting the company to limit long chat sessions it said “provoked” unintended answers.
Microsoft’s Chief Financial Officer Amy Hood has told analysts that the upside from gaining users and advertising revenue outweighed expenses as the new Bing rolls out to millions of consumers. “That’s incremental gross margin dollars for us, even at the cost to serve we’re discussing,” she said.
And another Google competitor, CEO of search engine You.com Richard Socher, said adding an AI chat experience and applications for charts, videos and other generative tech raised expenses between 30% and 50%. “Technology gets cheaper at scale and over time,” he said.
A source close to Google cautioned it’s early to pinpoint exactly how much chatbots might cost because efficiency and usage vary widely depending on the technology involved, and AI already powers products like search.
Still, footing the bill is one of two reasons why search and social media giants with billions of users have not rolled out an AI chatbot overnight, said Paul Daugherty, Accenture’s chief technology officer.
“One is accuracy, and the second is you must scale this correctly,” he said.
Making The Math Work
For years, researchers at Alphabet and elsewhere have studied how to train and run large language models more cheaply.
Bigger models require more chips for inference and therefore cost more. AI that dazzles consumers for its human-like authority has ballooned in size, reaching 175 billion so-called parameters, or different values that the algorithm considers, for the model OpenAI updated into ChatGPT. Cost also varies by the length of a user’s query, as measured in “tokens” or pieces of words.
One senior technology executive told Reuters that such AI remained cost-prohibitive to put in millions of consumers’ hands.
“These models are very expensive, and so the next level of invention is going to be reducing the cost of both training these models and inference so that we can use it in every application,” the executive said on condition of anonymity.
For now, computer scientists inside OpenAI have figured out how to optimize inference costs through complex code that makes chips run more efficiently, a person familiar with the effort said. An OpenAI spokesperson did not immediately comment.
A longer-term issue is how to shrink the number of parameters in an AI model 10 or even 100 times without losing accuracy.
“How you cull (parameters away) most effectively, that’s still an open question,” said Naveen Rao, who formerly ran Intel Corp’s AI chip efforts and now works to lower AI computing costs through his startup MosaicML.
In the meantime, some have considered charging for access, like OpenAI’s $20 per month subscription for better ChatGPT service. Technology experts also said a workaround is applying smaller AI models to simpler tasks, which Alphabet is exploring.
The company said this month a “smaller model” version of its massive LaMDA AI technology will power its chatbot, Bard, requiring “significantly less computing power, enabling us to scale to more users.”
Asked about chatbots like ChatGPT and Bard, Hennessy said at a conference called TechSurge last week that more focused models, rather than one system doing everything, would help “tame the cost.” (Reuters)
