Pakistan has managed a slight improvement by three notches and attained 126th position in Global Competitiveness Report 2015 compared to 129th last year among 140 countries.
Islamabad failed to improve regulatory bodies for more effective and efficient governance in the country. “Corruption tops as the most problematic factor for doing business in Pakistan,” the report finds out.
A failure to embrace long-term structural reforms that boost productivity and free up entrepreneurial talent is harming the global economy’s ability to improve living standards, solve persistently high unemployment and generate adequate resilience for future economic downturns.
According to the report, the government has been successful in improving the burden of government regulation from 103 in 2014 to an impressive 86 in 2015.
Pakistan also improved the general government budget balance as percentage of the GDP by improving 28 ranks and securing 106th position. While the indicators for quality of education system (75) have improved, availability of internet access in schools has deteriorated to 103 this year from 89 in 2014.
This signifies the widening gap between multiple education systems prevailing in the country. Pakistan also benefited from its 3G and 4G rollout in the telecommunication sector, where the country improved on foreign direct investment and technology transfer indicator by 13 ranks and sits at 77th rank among 140 countries. Similarly the indicator for government’s procurement of advanced tech products has shown an improvement on 46 ranks, from 98 in 2014 to 52 in 2015.
The judicial independence has lost its ranking of 67 last year to 82 in 2015. The governments have shown greater favouritism in decisions of government officials ranking at 101 this year, where Pakistan lost 26 ranks.
Under the goods market efficiency, Pakistan lost solid 16 ranks, where the extent of market dominance, which measures the characteristic of corporate activities, has gone from 71 in 2014 to 110 in 2015. Similarly, the performance of the Competition Commission of Pakistan’s effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy has gone from bad to worse — from 85 in 2014 to 106 in 2015. Similarly, the performance of the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) has also been on the decline, with major indicators showing poor performance over the last year; burden of customs procedures has been ranked at 111 this year as compared to 87 in 2014.
Similarly, various regulatory bodies have shown weak governance indicators, losing ranks to other emerging markets. The Accountant General of Pakistan on the strength of accounting and reporting strength has gone from the rank of 90 in the last year to 117 in 2015. The Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan, which gained success in the last few years, has proved to be weak and ineffective for the last one year, as it lost 42 ranks, SECP ranks now at 93 as compared to 71 in 2014 among 140 regulators of security exchanges globally.
First place in the GCI rankings, for the seventh consecutive year, goes to Switzerland. Its strong performance in all 12 pillars of the index explains its remarkable resilience throughout the crisis and subsequent shocks. Singapore remains in second place and the United States third. Germany improves by one place to fourth and the Netherlands returns to the fifth place it held three years ago. Japan (6th) and Hong Kong SAR (7th) follow, both stable. Finland falls to eighth place — its lowest position ever — followed by Sweden (9th). The United Kingdom rounds up the top 10 of the most competitive economies in the world.
Among the members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (Saarc) India leads the way at 55th, followed by Sri Lanka (68th, up five). Nepal (100th, up two), Bhutan (105th, down two), Bangladesh (107th, up two), and Pakistan (126th, up three). Although last year all Saarc countries except Bhutan posted small gains, since 2007 only Nepal has managed to progress significantly (14 places gained), Pakistan lost 34 places during that period and India, despite leapfrogging 16 places this year, still ranks seven notches lower than it did in 2007.
The report’s Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) also finds a close link between competitiveness and an economy’s ability to nurture, attract, leverage and support talent. The top-ranking countries all fare well in this regard. But in many countries, too few people have access to high-quality education and training, and labour markets are not flexible enough.
The Global Competitiveness Report 2015-16 is being launched at a pivotal time for the global economy. On the one hand, economic development is characterised by the “new normal” of higher unemployment, lower productivity growth and subdued economic growth that could still be derailed by uncertainties such as geopolitical tensions, the future path of emerging markets, energy prices and currency changes.
